Towards fully integrated photonic backpropagation training and inference using on-chip nonlinear activation and gradient functions

Gradient descent-based backpropagation training is widely used in many neural network systems. However, photonic implementation of such method is not straightforward mainly since having both the nonlinear activation function and its gradient using standard integrated photonic components is challenging. Here, we demonstrate the realization of two commonly used neural nonlinear activation functions and their gradients on a silicon photonic platform. Our method leverages the nonlinear electro-optic response of a micro-disk modulator. As a proof of concept, the experimental results are incorporated into a neural network simulation platform to classify MNIST handwritten digits dataset where we classification accuracies of more than 97\% are achieved that are on par with those of ideal nonlinearities and gradients

Cyclooxygenases: Proliferation and differentiation

Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Mainly two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified which are now known as cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Both iso-enzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. The two isoenzymes are similar in protein structure but are produced by divergent genes and have different biological functions. Cyclooxygenase-1 is a constitutively expressed enzyme in most mammalian tissues and maintains normal cellular physiological functions, such as platelet aggregation and gastric cytoprotection; while cyclooxygenase-2 is normally expressed at a very low level in most tissues and is highly inducible by growth factors, cytokines, and tumour promoters. In several studies, the effect of cyclooxygenases on different cell types has been investigated. This review focuses on cyclooxygenases function, cell proliferation and differentiation.Key words: Cyclooxygenases, proliferation, differentiation, prostaglandins, tumor

A Survey of MANET Routing Protocols in Large-Scale and Ordinary Networks

An ad hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile nodes that communicate with each other. Routing in ad hoc network is a challenging task because nodes are mobile. Efficient routing protocols have better performance in such networks. Many protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks such as: Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Geographic routing protocol (GRP). these approaches have not been evaluated for the same conditions in pervious researches. But in this study, the performance of these protocols is evaluated in various network conditions and with different packet size patterns. Also, different MAC layers like 802.11b, 802.11g in ordinary and large-scale networks are considered. For the evaluation, Different metrics like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, Mac delay and Routing traffic received/sent, are applied. All simulations have been done using OPNET

A conceptual national plan for outdoor recreation in Iran

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 180-182.Not availabl

Political Marketing Success: An Investigation on 2015 Iranian Parliamentary Elections

This study investigates factors affecting the success of political marketing by basing on a fieldwork. To evaluate proposed hypotheses, a questionnaire was used to collect data. This research’s statistical society includes citizens of Arak city by using proportional sampling method and reaches 287 completed questionnaires. According to the data analysis, the results indicate that the market–oriented strategy adoption, doing of effective research about voters, voters division, candidates status and creation and management of mental image have the positive effect on the political marketing. Given the importance of political marketing and proper use of the marketing techniques in the campaigns and realizations of successful political marketing, this study introduces advantages of political marketing and explains how to use it and provides a conceptual model